Shifting attention away from a stressor and toward other activities is an emotion-focused coping strategy called
Shifting attention away from a stressor and toward other activities is an emotion-focused coping strategy called:
Group of answer choices
tend-and-befriend.
confrontive coping.
escape-avoidance.
denial.
Flag question: Question 2Question 21 pts
The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve shows that:
Group of answer choices
there is not much forgetting soon after learning.
there is a high correlation between time and forgetting.
much of what we learn is forgotten very quickly.
almost everything we learn is eventually forgotten.
Flag question: Question 3Question 31 pts
B.F. Skinner:
Group of answer choices
advocated greater use of punishment to control behavior.
believed that human behavior is determined by environmental consequences, not by individual choice or free will.
strongly advocated the study of mental processes to understand behavior.
believed that “the scientific analysis of behavior” would lead to a totalitarian society based on punishment.
Flag question: Question 4Question 41 pts
One effective method to enhance long-term retention is to:
Group of answer choices
maintain a strong intention to remember the information.
repeat the information over and over in your mind.
repeatedly test yourself for recall of the information.
daydream when the information is first presented.
Flag question: Question 5Question 51 pts
The fifth time that Billy was late for school he was given a detention. However, the following day he was late for school again. In this situation it is likely that:
Group of answer choices
punishment has not occurred, because the operant response of being late for school was not suppressed.
Billy has not formed a cognitive map of the shortest route to school and consequently takes the long way and is frequently late.
Billy has been negatively reinforced for being late for school.
detention is an effective form of punishment and Billy’s behavior will eventually change.
Flag question: Question 6Question 61 pts
The predictable nature of a _____ schedule of reinforcement produces a high rate of responding, with a pause after the reinforcer is delivered.
Group of answer choices
variable-ratio
fixed-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-interval
Flag question: Question 7Question 71 pts
Numerous studies have been conducted looking at the factors involved in criminal convictions in which the convicted person ultimately turned out to be innocent of the crime. Those studies have consistently shown that the leading cause of wrongful convictions is:
Group of answer choices
hypnotically induced false memories.
anterograde amnesia.
eyewitness misidentification.
prospective memory failure.
Flag question: Question 8Question 81 pts
The gradual, physical process of converting new long-term memories into stable, enduring memory codes is termed:
Group of answer choices
clustering.
memory consolidation.
chunking.
prospective memory.
Flag question: Question 9Question 91 pts
Which of these statements about imagination inflation is TRUE?
Group of answer choices
Repeatedly imagining an event that never occurred reduces confidence that the event actually happened.
Repeatedly imagining an event that never occurred increases the accuracy of the source memory for the event.
Repeatedly imagining an event that never occurred makes the event seem increasingly familiar.
Repeatedly imagining an event that never occurred makes the event less memorable and more likely to be forgotten.
Flag question: Question 10Question 101 pts
The semantic network model suggests that:
Group of answer choices
distortions in memory can occur when the true source of the memory is forgotten.
semantic information is organized in a network, but episodic information is organized chronologically.
when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the conditions of information encoding, retrieval is more likely.
information in long-term memory is organized in a complex system of associations.
Flag question: Question 11Question 111 pts
While out on a run in your local national park, you decide to run off the trail. After about an hour later you realize that you are lost. Also, your phone has just died. Your body likely starts releasing catecholamines and you experience intense arousal, which represents the _____ stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Group of answer choices
extinction
resistance
exhaustion
alarm
Flag question: Question 12Question 121 pts
Initially, an infant has no response to a nurse’s white uniform. But after a couple of painful experiences of getting a vaccination shot from a nurse in a white uniform, the infant will react with fear in response to a nurse in a white uniform who simply walks into the examining room. In this example, the sight of a nurse in a white uniform has become a(n) _____ to the infant.
Group of answer choices
conditioned response (CR)
unconditioned response (UCR)
conditioned stimulus (CS)
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Flag question: Question 13Question 131 pts
When Bernadette first left home to attend college, she felt lonely, isolated, and apprehensive about succeeding in her new academic environment. Bernadette frequently called her best friend Imani, who was attending college in their hometown. Imani was very supportive, empathetic, and reassuring. Imani is providing Bernadette with a type of social support called “_____ support.”
Group of answer choices
tangible
informational
financial
emotional
Flag question: Question 14Question 141 pts
When Hamid immigrated to Canada, he went to live with relatives in a neighborhood populated primarily by others from his country. Hamid speaks his native language, socializes with people who belong to his ethnic group, and has not yet tried to learn English. According to the Culture and Human Behavior box “The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture,” Hamid’s pattern of acculturation is called:
Group of answer choices
integration.
assimilation.
separation.
marginalization.
Flag question: Question 15Question 151 pts
During the EARLIEST stages of Alzheimer’s disease, the MOST common symptoms are:
Group of answer choices
forgetting names of familiar people and the locations of familiar places.
agitation and moodiness.
the spontaneous recovery of long-repressed memories.
occasionally misplacing common objects, such as one’s keys, glasses, or checkbook.
Flag question: Question 16Question 161 pts
People in the _____ socioeconomic levels of society tend to have the _____ levels of psychological distress, illness, and death.
Group of answer choices
highest and lowest; same
highest; highest
lowest; highest
lowest; lowest
Flag question: Question 17Question 171 pts
Corey began dating her partner while they were both working summer jobs as beach lifeguards. Years later, when Corey smells the distinctive smell of saltwater and sand, she still feels a twinge of excitement and remembers the start of their romance. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is _____ and the conditioned response is _____.
Group of answer choices
the smell of the ocean; excitement
excitement; the smell of the ocean
the smell of the ocean; memories of being a lifeguard
excitement; memories of being a lifeguard
Flag question: Question 18Question 181 pts
After several diagnostic tests, Esther is diagnosed with breast cancer. When sharing the news with their partner, Samuel, Esther is very upset. “I think God is punishing me,” said Esther. Esther’s response is BEST described as:
Group of answer choices
negative religious coping.
positive reappraisal.
positive religious coping.
neutral religious coping.
Flag question: Question 19Question 191 pts
Long-term memory storage capacity seems to be _____.
Group of answer choices
limitless
one-quarter to one-half second
about 20 seconds
three to four seconds
Flag question: Question 20Question 201 pts
In Baddeley’s model of working memory, one component, called the “_____,” is specialized for verbal material, such as lists of numbers or words.
Group of answer choices
visuospatial sketchpad
central executive
phonological loop
semantic network
Flag question: Question 21Question 211 pts
With all things considered relatively equal, which of these people is LEAST likely to experience microaggressions?
Group of answer choices
Lily, an immigrant
Andre, a Black male
Juan, a Latino male
Seth, a White male
Flag question: Question 22Question 221 pts
Although he actually learned about Germany’s high taxes from talking to someone at a recent party, Paul was absolutely convinced that he had heard about the high taxes in Germany on a radio talk show. This is an example of a false memory due to:
Group of answer choices
source confusion.
trace decay.
the misinformation effect.
anterograde amnesia.
Flag question: Question 23Question 231 pts
_____ refers to the hypothetical brain changes associated with the formation of a long-term memory.
Group of answer choices
Working memory
The memory trace or engram
Repressed memory
A schematic
Flag question: Question 24Question 241 pts
On the 4th of July, Rani waved a sparkler back and forth in front of Harry. Harry noticed that the sparkler seemed to produce a trailing afterimage that faded within a split second. Which type of sensory memory can account for the quickly fading afterimage of the sparkler?
Group of answer choices
sensory memory
echoic memory
prospective memory
the déjà vu experience
Flag question: Question 25Question 251 pts
Jen has recently moved to China from the United States to teach English. Jen is having some difficulty adapting to the new culture, a type of stress called:
Group of answer choices
assimilated stress.
atypical stress.
chronic stress.
acculturative stress.
Flag question: Question 26Question 261 pts
In terms of daily hassles, what sex differences have been found?
Group of answer choices
Women’s daily hassles are more commonly related to money problems, whereas men’s daily hassles are more commonly due to interpersonal conflict.
Daily hassles for men are most commonly related to school- and job-related issues, whereas daily hassles for women are most commonly due to family demands and interpersonal conflict.
Men are more likely to cope with daily hassles by becoming angry, whereas women are more likely to respond to daily hassles by withdrawing from others.
There are no significant sex differences in either the frequency or cause of daily hassles.
Flag question: Question 27Question 271 pts
Which of these studies contradicts the decay theory of forgetting?
Group of answer choices
the Lashley studies of localization of memories in the cortex
the Loftus studies of the misinformation effect
the Sperling study of sensory memory
the Ebbinghaus studies on forgetting
Flag question: Question 28Question 281 pts
The Focus on Neuroscience box “The Mysterious Placebo Effect” described a PET-scan study on the placebo effect. Which of these was found in the study?
Group of answer choices
The opioid painkiller activated a brain area known to contain many opioid receptors, but the placebo activated areas of the brain with no opioid receptors.
The placebo activated a brain area known to contain many opioid receptors, but the opioid painkiller activated areas of the brain with no opioid receptors.
The opioid painkiller activated a brain area known to contain many opioid receptors, but the placebo inhibited activation in the same area.
Both the placebo and the opioid painkiller activated a brain area known to contain many opioid receptors.
Flag question: Question 29Question 291 pts
When the gill-withdrawal reflex of the sea snail Aplysia has been successfully conditioned to a stimulus such as a squirt of water, observed changes in the neural circuit include:
Group of answer choices
neuron migration.
an increase in the number of synapses.
cell death.
a decrease in the number of synapses.
Flag question: Question 30Question 301 pts
In Rescorla’s experiment described in the textbook, the strongest fear response was shown by the rats in the:
Group of answer choices
first group that heard a tone paired 20 times with a shock.
second group that heard a tone paired 20 times with a shock and an additional 20 shocks with no tone.
first and second groups that received a shock at some point during the experiment.
third group that never received a shock.
Flag question: Question 31Question 311 pts
As they began their internship in a hospital emergency department, George felt very anxious. Throughout the internship they experienced intense and prolonged stress, did not eat well, and did not get enough sleep. When they successfully completed their internship, they felt completely worn out and got very sick with the flu. George is probably experiencing the:
Group of answer choices
“alarm” stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
“fight” phase of the fight-or-flight response.
“flight” phase of the fight-or-flight response.
“exhaustion” stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
Flag question: Question 32Question 321 pts
According to the discussion in your textbook, why did Karl Lashley fail to find evidence for the specific location of the engram?
Group of answer choices
The maze-running behavior that Lashley studied involved a complex set of interrelated memories that existed in different brain areas.
The complex maze-running behavior that Lashley studied involved changes in the cerebellum and he looked for brain changes in the cortex.
The eyeblink response that Lashley studied in rabbits involved memories that are not localized but are distributed throughout the brain.
The brain and nervous system of sea snails was not complex enough for a localized memory to be formed.
Flag question: Question 33Question 331 pts
The famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve:
Group of answer choices
demonstrates that encoding failure is the primary reason we forget most information.
demonstrates that much of what we forget is lost relatively soon after we originally learn the information.
shows that the “magical number” of items that can be held in short-term memory is four, plus or minus one, and not seven plus or minus two, as had been believed.
shows that long-term potentiation failure is the primary cause of forgetting.
Flag question: Question 34Question 341 pts
The Innocence Project is a nonprofit group that investigates false convictions. They found that around _____ percent of the times when DNA evidence showed someone had been falsely convicted, false confessions were involved.
Group of answer choices
35
25
10
15
Flag question: Question 35Question 351 pts
Ben (identifies as male) and Cara (identifies as female) have been married for 10 years. In terms of social support, Ben is more likely to rely on _____, while Cara is more likely to rely on _____.
Group of answer choices
their friends; their friends.
Cara and their close friends; their close friends only.
their close relationship with Cara; their close relationship with Ben and with their friends.
their close relationship with Cara; their close relationship with Ben.
Flag question: Question 36Question 361 pts
According to Albert Bandura, _____ to imitate a behavior is crucial to the actual performance of the learned behavior.
Group of answer choices
memory
motor skills
motivation
attention
Flag question: Question 37Question 371 pts
_____ are hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that cause rapid physiological arousal and include adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Group of answer choices
Lymphocytes
Teratogens
Catecholamines
Corticosteroids
Flag question: Question 38Question 381 pts
Which of these is considered a life change event and is NOT an example of a daily hassle?
Group of answer choices
not enough money for the rent
concern about your weight
changing your hours of work and working conditions
the cost of repairs to your car
Flag question: Question 39Question 391 pts
Gustavo is trying to leave for work in the morning, but he cannot find his keys. From another room, he calls out to his roommate, Jamie, asking where his keys are. At first, Jamie didn’t think they heard what Gustavo said, but a few seconds later, the question registered in their mind and they answered, “By the sink!” Which type of sensory memory can explain this phenomenon?
Group of answer choices
iconic memory, or visual sensory memory
semantic memory
contextual memory
echoic memory, or auditory sensory memory
Flag question: Question 40Question 401 pts
Steven Spielberg’s classic movie Jaws was a thriller about a great white shark that terrorized tourists at a local beach. Just before the shark’s appearance, eerie music began playing. As the unseen shark came closer, the tempo of the music picked up. After the audience had experienced this a few times, the sound of the music triggered the emotional reaction of fear in the audience even though the shark still had not appeared. At that point, the sound of the eerie music was a(n) ____, while the appearance of the shark was the _____.
Group of answer choices
conditioned response; unconditioned response
unconditioned response; conditioned response
conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
Flag question: Question 41Question 411 pts
Mindy is in nursing school and is learning how to measure a patient’s blood pressure. Her instructor first shows the class a video that demonstrates the proper procedures for measuring blood pressure and then demonstrates these same procedures using Mindy as a “patient.” Mindy and her class are learning how to measure blood pressure in patients through the use of:
Group of answer choices
latent learning.
classical conditioning.
observational learning.
operant conditioning.
Flag question: Question 42Question 421 pts
British psychologist and memory researcher Alan Baddeley developed:
Group of answer choices
the “lost-in-the-mall” technique to investigate memories of childhood events that never happened—false memories.
research techniques for investigating the duration of visual sensory memory.
an influential model of long-term memory called the “semantic network model.”
an influential model of working memory.
Flag question: Question 43Question 431 pts
The Focus on Neuroscience box “Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception” feature described a study in which participants memorized labels for common objects, such as “dog,” that were paired with either a picture or a sound. When they retrieved the memory, participants who had memorized the word dog with the sound of a dog barking showed a _____ level of activation in the _____ cortex.
Group of answer choices
high; auditory
low; visual
high; visual
low; auditory
Flag question: Question 44Question 441 pts
Which is an example of microaggressions?
Group of answer choices
managing an individual or group with excessive control or attention to detail
treating a person as incompetent or dangerous based on their race
having a spouse die unexpectedly and becoming upset
becoming upset by events that happen to others
Flag question: Question 45Question 451 pts
Jerome focused on the meaning of the information in the chapter and tried to generate examples of concepts from his own experiences rather than simply repeating key terms and concepts. What was Jerome using to help encode information into his long-term memory?
Group of answer choices
elaborative rehearsal
maintenance rehearsal
the serial position effect
contextual cues
Flag question: Question 46Question 461 pts
What body system produces specialized white blood cells that defend the body from viruses, bacteria, and tumor cells?
Group of answer choices
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
immune system
Flag question: Question 47Question 471 pts
Which of these physiological changes is part of the fight-or-flight response?
Group of answer choices
decreased blood pressure
inhibition of digestion
inhibition of adrenaline release
decreased blood flow to muscles
Flag question: Question 48Question 481 pts
The goal of mindfulness meditation is to:
Group of answer choices
direct efforts toward relieving or regulating the emotional impact of a stressful situation.
turn to friends, relatives, or other people for emotional, tangible, or informational support.
maintain awareness moment by moment, disengaging oneself from strong attachment to beliefs, thoughts, or emotions, thereby developing a greater sense of emotional balance and well-being.
rationally analyze a problem, identify potential solutions, and then implement them.
Flag question: Question 49Question 491 pts
The textbook describes the conditioning of learned helplessness in dogs. According to the textbook discussion, why did the dogs display learned helplessness?
Group of answer choices
The behavior they needed to learn was too complex for dogs to perform.
All other operant responses were punished.
The dogs had developed the cognitive expectation that there was nothing they could do to escape or change their environment.
The dogs were reinforced for passive behavior.
Flag question: Question 50Question 501 pts
Robert Rescorla viewed classical conditioning as a process that involves the _____ processing of information about stimuli.
Group of answer choices
active
quick
inactive
slow
Complete Answer:
