Nutrition Therapy for HIV Patient- The HIV Stage of Mr W.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that targets the immune system, rendering the body immune to infection. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV that can be spread through a variety of routes, including sexual contact. Mr W has HIV because he has a number of symptoms, including a reduced T-cell count and the presence of pneumocystis carinii. Based on the objective evidence, I believe Mr W is at the symptomatic stage of HIV infection. This is due to a large decrease in CD4+ cells (below 500 cells per cubic millilitre). As a result of his frequent diarrhoea, Mr W loses weight for no apparent reason. The indicators also show a person in the symptomatic stage, as his immune system continues to deteriorate as his CD4+ cell count decreases.

Mr. W.’s Nutritional Status and Major Clinical Complications in the Final Stages of AIDS

Complications such as opportunistic infections are common in the later stages of AIDS. Malaria, pneumonia, and tuberculosis are just a few of them. Because the patient’s immunity is weakened, opportunistic infections are more common and severe. Cryptococcal meningitis is another noteworthy final-stage consequence. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gatti are the fungi that cause it. This virus damages the spinal cord and brain membranes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2016). It has an impact on the patient’s nutritional status as well. Symptoms such as fever and headache, for example, could be present. During the full-blown stage (the last stage of HIV/AIDS), another prominent clinical consequence is cytomegalovirus retinitis. The retina of the eye becomes inflamed as a result of this illness (CDC, 2016). Because it causes distorted vision and blind spots, this virus has a negative impact on nutrition.

Nutritional Therapy’s Goals Based on Patient Data and History

The fundamental goal of nutritional therapy, according to objective evidence, is to protect Mr W against the negative effects of HIV/AIDS. According to the CDC, HIV/AIDS causes a number of problems, including those mentioned above, which can have a severe impact on nutrition. As a result, Mr W requires a daily injection of HIV to aid in his immune development. Mr W has oesophageal candidiasis, so he should avoid sugary foods and drinks, according to the objective data. Mr W also has a duodenal infection, which necessitates the use of low-fat saturated foods. As a result, Mr W requires lean proteins (Benzaken et al., 2019). Because HIV/AIDS weakens the immune system, Mr W must consume foods high in vitamins, proteins, and carbohydrates. Regardless, the most important nutrients are those that provide energy.

The Best Feeding Method for Providing Nutritional Support.

Mr W’s clinical symptoms indicate that nutritional supplementation is required by the healthcare practitioner. Mr W’s lymph nodes were enlarged and ulcerated, according to clinical investigations. In this case, the healthcare providers must take into account the fact that he has difficulty chewing (Benzaken et al., 2019). As a result, healthcare providers must provide Mr W parenteral nutrition. An intravenous tube is used to inject a liquid mixture into the bloodstream.

Patient Confidentiality, Integrity and Ethical Issues, and Social Responsibility are all topics that need to be addressed.

The HIPAA Privacy Rule is a federal law that protects people’s medical records and other personally identifiable health data. To ensure the privacy of protected health information, the covered healthcare organization (entity) is required to implement suitable administrative, technical, and physical requirements (PHI). The healthcare professional in Mr. W’s instance must be aware of the need of maintaining integrity, confidentiality, and ethical issues. Many implicit assumptions and biases exist against those living with HIV/AIDS. In this case, the HIPAA privacy requirement must be followed. The healthcare provider, for example, must ensure that the patient’s personal information is not disclosed without their permission. Second, the healthcare provider must maintain the integrity of the information provided by archiving it for future use (Dzinamarira et al., 2019). In providing care to Mr W, healthcare providers must also follow ethical concepts such as patient autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice. To summarize, it is critical to be cautious when it comes to ethical dilemmas, secrecy, and integrity.

Nutritional Supplements to Help with Mr. W Symptoms and Caloric Intake

Mr W’s immune system has been severely weakened by HIV/AIDS. As a result, he requires nutritional supplements to help him manage his HIV/AIDS symptoms. To begin, he must boost his caloric intake, which necessitates plenty of water, yoghurt, and milkshake, among other things. Mr W’s diet should also contain eggs, lean proteins, and fruits and vegetables, in my opinion. Fruits and vegetables, for example, can assist rehydrate diarrhoea sufferers. Mr W also needs foods that are high in energy, such as whole grains (Oumer, Kubsa, &Mekonnen, 2019). One of the primary reasons of early death among HIV/AIDS patients is poor nutrition. As a result, Mr W places a high value on nutritional supplements.

 

Mr. W’s Current Situation Requires a Nutritional Care Plan.

 

Given Mr W’s current position, I would prescribe the following dietary care plan: He should eat boiled eggs, a glass of milk, pancakes, and water for breakfast. Whole grains, milk, fruits, and water should be included in the lunch. Mr. W. should include whole grain, sweet potatoes, eggs, and fruits in his nutrition plan for dinner. Whole grain, eggs, rice, and water should be included in the supper (Dzinamarira et al., 2019).

References.

Benzaken, A. S., Pereira, G. F., Costa, L., Tanuri, A., Santos, A. F., & Soares, M. A. (2019). Antiretroviral treatment, government policy and economy of HIV/AIDS in Brazil: is it time for HIV cure in the country?. AIDS research and therapy, 16(1), 1-7.

Centres for Disease Control (2016). About HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html

Dzinamarira, T., Pierre, G., Habtu, M., & Okova, R. (2019). Nutrition And HIV/AIDS: A Qualitative Study on Perceived Factors Affecting Feeding Practices among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kigali, Rwanda.

Oumer, A., Kubsa, M. E., & Mekonnen, B. A. (2019). Malnutrition as a predictor of survival from antiretroviral treatment among children living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: a survival analysis. BMC pediatrics, 19(1), 1-10.