Cell

complete worksheet

 

Pre- Reading Questions

1. What are the first 3 words that you think of when you see the word CELL? ____________________________________________________________________

 

1. What causes you to think of those words? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

1. What are the 2 types of cells? Give an example of each. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

1. How is a plant cell different from an animal cell? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Video: Introduction to Cells https://safeshare.tv/x/ss56d826521b843

 

How many different types of cells are there?

There are many different types of cells. For example, in you there are blood cells and skin cells and bone cells and even bacteria. Here we have drawings of bacteria and human cells. Can you tell which depicts various types of bacteria? However, all cells – whether from bacteria, human, or any other organism – will be one of two general types. In fact, all cells other than bacteria will be one type, and bacterial cells will be the other. And it all depends on how the cell stores its DNA.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Two Types of Cells

There is another basic cell structure that is present in many but not all living cells: the nucleus. The nucleus of a cell is a structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane (the nuclear membrane) and contains, and protects, most of the cell’s DNA. Based on whether they have a nucleus, there are two basic types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. You can watch animations of both types of cells at the link below.

Video: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells (Updated) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxujitlv8wc

1. Complete the Venn Diagram based on the video. Identify characteristics that are only found in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Then identify what characteristics they both share.

 

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nucleus. The DNA in prokaryotic cells is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells are found in single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, like the one shown below. Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes. They were the first type of organisms to evolve and are still the most common organisms today.

1. Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells? Why? ________________________________________________

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Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus. A typical eukaryotic cell is shown below. Eukaryotic cells are usually larger than prokaryotic cells, and they are found mainly in multicellular organisms. Organisms with eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes, and they range from fungi to people.

Eukaryotic cells also contain other organelles besides the nucleus. An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell. Organelles called mitochondria, for example, provide energy to the cell, and organelles called vacuoles store substances in the cell. Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to carry out more functions than prokaryotic cells can. This allows eukaryotic cells to have greater cell specificity than prokaryotic cells. Rribosomes, the organelle where proteins are made, are the only organelles in prokaryotic cells.

1. List 3 ways eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What makes eukaryotic cells more efficient than prokaryotic cells? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cell City:

Create a city model on the next sheet of paper. Your city must include the following locations AND their descriptions.

1. City limits – gives definite location to the city “Memphis” “Germantown” “Collierville”
2. City Hall– determines what happens within the city and gives directions for all work within the city
3. Factory –  manufacture goods for the city and beyond
4. USPS/ FedEx- packages and ships out goods to be used within the city
5. Downtown– neighborhood surrounding City Hall. Location where many shops and businesses are located
6. I-240 (Highway system)– method of transporting goods and materials in and around the city
7. Blue-collar workers- employees who work to ensure the city continues to run smoothly. Can be find all over the city
8. CVS/Walgreens- location where medications, hormones and steroids are housed and distributed
9. Mayor- the most important person inside City Hall. Holds the details for city planning. Gives jobs to the blue collar workers.
10. Junkyard– location  where all of all damaged and used items within the city go to get destroyed and broken down
11. MLGW– provides power and energy to be used throughout the city
12. Border patrol– creates a boundary for who and what can come in/out of the cell
13. Solar Panels– capture sunlight and convert into usable forms of energy

 

 

Video: Biology: Cell Structure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8

1. What 3 characteristics are shared by all cells? ___________________________________________________________________________

 

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1. What are the 2 types of eukaryotic cells? ___________________________________________________________________________

 

1. How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? ___________________________________________________________________________

 

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1. What is an organelle? ___________________________________________________________________________

 

 

1.  Complete the table with the correct organelle name or function.

 

Organelle	Function
nucleus	Contains DNA and nucleolus
nucleolus	Create ribosomes
ribosomes	Synthesizing and making proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum	Transporting materials like proteins
vesicle	Transport proteins
cytoplasm	Jelly like substance
Golgi body	Proteins are customized to be used by the cell; folds and adds lipids to the proteins
vacuole	Store water and nutrients
lysosomes	Damaged and broken organellles
mitochondria	Make ATP during cellular respiration; give energy for all cellular processes
cytoskeleton	Maintain shape of cell
Chloroplast	Capture sunlight; where photosynthesis occurs
chloroplylll	Green pigment within the chloroplast
Cell wall	shape , support and protect the

 

1. What is the function of DNA? ___________________________________________________________________________

 

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1. What are cilia? Where are they found? ___________________________________________________________________________

 

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1. How do bacteria use flagella? Why are flagella also found in sperm cells? ________________________________________________________________________________

 

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Cell City Part 2:

Using the cell city you created earlier, identify which organelle matches each location in your city.

1. Fill in the correct organelle with its matching city location/job.
2. On the next sheet of paper, draw a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.
3. Label each organelle and state its function within a cell. (Remember that all organelles will not be used in both cells).

 

1. City limits                       ________________________________________
2. City Hall                          ________________________________________
3. Factory                           ________________________________________
4. USPS/ FedEx             ________________________________________
5. Downtown                        ________________________________________
6. I-240                                 ________________________________________
7. Blue-collar workers          ________________________________________
8. CVS/Walgreens                  ________________________________________
9. Mayor                                 ________________________________________
10. Junkyard                          ________________________________________
11. MLGW                                  ________________________________________
12. Border patrol                    ________________________________________
13. Solar Panels                      ________________________________________