A client falls while skiing and sustains a supracondylar fracture

A client falls while skiing and sustains a supracondylar fracture. What does the nurse know is the most serious complication of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?

The most serious complication of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus is nerve injury, particularly to the median nerve or brachial artery. These structures are at risk due to their proximity to the fracture site. Damage to the median nerve can lead to volar forearm weakness, difficulty with thumb and finger movements, and sensory loss in the hand, especially in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Additionally, injury to the brachial artery can lead to compartment syndrome or vascular compromise, which may result in limb ischemia if untreated, requiring immediate intervention to prevent long-term damage.

Other complications may include infection, particularly if the fracture is open, and malunion or nonunion, where the bone does not heal properly, potentially resulting in permanent functional impairment. Prompt and effective treatment, including reduction of the fracture and careful monitoring for signs of these complications, is essential.

To summarize, the main complications to watch for in supracondylar fractures are nerve damage and vascular injury, both of which can have long-lasting effects on limb function and health.