You are looking after 69-year-old Bert Schmert on the ward today. Medical history: hypertension, T2DM

You are looking after 69-year-old Bert Schmert on the ward today. Medical history: hypertension, T2DM, chronic allergies (sneezing, runny nose which he takes over the counter antihistamines PRN for) and obesity. Background: Bert presented with acute urinary retention, pain, difficulty initiating a urine stream, dysuria, a diminishing force of urinary stream, urinary urgency, and frequency. Bert’s primary diagnosis is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Medications: Propranolol, Metformin, Finasteride, Tamsulosin, Paracetamol. The doctors are monitoring the current conservative management and have discussed the possibility of a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) if medications are not effective.

1. Describe the pathophysiology* of your chosen patient’s primary diagnosis. Identify two (2) of the signs or symptoms that this patient is experiencing. Describe how the signs/symptoms you identified, are related to the pathophysiology of the patient’s primary diagnosis (i.e., why is he/she experiencing the symptom). Provide evidence from the literature to support your reasoning.